Proanthocyanidin profile and antioxidant capacity of Brazilian Vitis vinifera red wines

The free flavan-3-ol and proanthocyanidin (PA) profile and the antioxidant capacity of wines Vitis vinifera L., 2006 and 2007 vintages, from the São Joaquim region, at southern Brazil, are reported here for the first time. Catechin and epicatechin were the two main monomers in the wine samples, followed by gallocatechin and epigallocatechin; and the PA B1 was the main dimer. The terminal units of the PAs were constituted mainly by catechin units, with the co-presence of epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin and traces of epicatechin gallate. The epicatechin and epigallocatechin units were the main constituents of the extension units of PAs with the co-presence of catechin and epicatechin gallate. The values for the mean degree of polymerisation ranged from 4.9 to 9.8. The wine samples demonstrated effective scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals and against lipid peroxidation in vitro. A positive correlation existed between flavan-3-ol content and antioxidant capacity in vitro

Climate conditions associated with the occurrence of antimicrobial and macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to identify the climate condition parameters that are associated with the occurrence of antimicrobial and macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk using a multivariate principal components analysis (PCA). A total of 132 raw milk samples were collected at dairy farms in Minas Gerais State in Brazil and analyzed for 35 analytes, comprising macrocyclic lactones and antibacterials, using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem mode spectrometry. Of the 132 samples, 34 (25.76%) bulk tank milk samples were positive for at least one analyte. PCA showed that antimicrobial residues in bulk tank milk occurred less frequently on days with a higher average temperature, maximum temperature and temperature-humidity index. In contrast, relative humidity was inversely associated with antimicrobial residues in raw milk. The PCA showed that daily milk production was also related to macrocyclic lactone residues, while rainfall showed an inverse association. Thus, some climate conditions, such as average temperature, maximum temperature and temperature-humidity index, can predict the moments with lower risk of occurrence of antimicrobial residues in bulk tank milk, in contrast to relative humidity. Furthermore, the risk of macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk was higher in months with less rainfall

Phenolic profile and effect of regular consumption of Brazilian red wines on in vivo antioxidant activity

In this study, Vitis vinifera L wines cv. Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Sangiovese and Syrah, 2006 and 2007 vintages, produced in Sa˜o Joaquim, a new wine-producing region in southern Brazil, were evaluated. As phenolic compound content is one of the most important parameters in assessing wine quality and is possibly partially responsible for the beneficial health properties of wines, in this paper the levels of the main anthocyanins, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid (HPLC-DAD and HPLCDAD–MS analysis) and the in vivo antioxidant activity in mice are reported. The antioxidant capacity of plasma was assessed through the reduction of ferric iron (FRAP). Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), carbonyl protein (CP), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were determined in livers of the test animals. The results for the phenolic compounds content of the wine samples were considered appropriate for quality red wines, and the wine consumption promoted a significant increase in FRAP and decreases in the TBARS and CP levels and in the CAT, SOD and GPx activity. Moreover, the phenolic content of the wines was positively correlated with the in vivo antioxidant capacity promoted by regular wine consumptio